PLF and CUF of Windfarms in India

Different benchmarks have been fixed for CUF ( Capacity Utilisation Factor) in different states. This is important as deviation will decide the tariffs.
CUF varies from minimum 19 ( Odisha) to maximum 30 ( Maharashtra and Uttarakhand).

State with high CUF may contribute less to generation because:

• both low rating and high rating turbines are installed in some states.
• wake losses increase as number of turbines increase.
• wind pattern changes in due course of time.

Largest Rotor of the World

Siemens Energy recently started testing its 154-meter rotor, the world’s largest for wind turbines. The new rotor will be used for its 6-megawatt wind turbine in Denmark.

The SWT-6.0-154 will have the world’s longest rotor blades, the Siemens news release noted. Each blade will have a length of 75 meters.

Barrier Analysis for Wind Energy Project

High Capital Cost ( IRR 13 %)

Less Utilisation Factor ( 15 %)

Power Purchase Tariff  Barrier ( Rs 3 per Unit)

Technological Barrier

Not prevailing practice barrier.

Wind Speed Barrier

Institutional Barrier

Whats needed in Indian Wind Energy Sector

The rquirements before finalising sites in India are:-

• Sites are available within radius of 5 Km to 6km from the government mast station.
• Mean annual Wind speed measured at (20/25/30/50m ) is 5.5 m/s and above
• Mean annual wind power density at 50m measured between 225 to 250 W/m.

Event:-

Wind Power India 2012 conference, India’s largest and most prestigious wind power conference, November 29-30, 2012, at Chennai Trade Center, Chennai – www.windpowerindia.in. This conference is held in parallel to the Wind Power India exhibition.

Some new developments in Indian wind energy sector

• Who has commissioned 5 MW plant in Ratlam @ Rs 300 million recently? Ans ) Nakoda Ltd.
• Who is going to manufacture 3 MW turbines in India? Ans)RRBEL and Leitner Shriram
• What machines are installed by CLP in Sipla, Jaisalmer? Ans) 80 KW, 128 nos.
• Why Orient (OGPL) is shifting 300 MW plant from TN to elsewhere? Ans) Evacuation issues.
• Who is manufacturing 2 MW turbines at Baramati, Pune ? Ans) Kenersys
• Who is coming up with the Damanjori 99 MW Koraput plant in Odisha? Ans) Suzlon.
• How much is MNRE budget? Ans) Rs 20,000/- million.

Consultants in the wind energy field

Garad Hassan:- This is an International renewable energy consultancy, which has come up with special package for sub 5 MW projects.

Romax :- It has set up a Wind Business Centre in Chennai and an office in Pune.

SGS:- It has completed CLP's Theni project.

SKF :- for remote monitoring of turbines. Employed by Gouhua Wind the Chinese major.

PINTSCH BEBENZER: for turbine brake system.

More Wow ! to Indian Wind Energy Sector

While Vestas is partying after order of 20 turbines ( 1.65 MW ) from Orient Green for Tmilnadu windfarm, Asian Development Bank ( ADB )+NTPC+Kyushu have formed JV to produce 10,000 MW wind power in the country.
AMSC has completed the follow on order from INOX. Turbine control system of AMSC will be utilised in 2 MW machines ( manufactured in UNA (HP)).

Rapid Fire on Wind Energy

• What is Horns Rev2?  Ans ) It is one of the world's largest windfarm in North Se- Denmark. Dong Energy's Rs 3000 Crore 200 MW plant ( 2.3 MW turbines).
• What turbines are there in Theni windfarm of TN? Ans) Vestas V82 1.65 ( ordered by CLP).
• Which generator plant is located in Vengal- Chennai? Ans) WinWind
• Whose model is 1.5 XLE ? Ans) GE.
• Where is Gamesa's ( spanish wind major) plant in India? Ans) In Chennai having capacity of 500 MW per year.
• How many new offshore turbines Europe adds in a year? Ans) 300
• What is the latest wind power forecast tool? Ans) NWP model. 
• What's latest in offshore turbines? Ans) Floating turbines ! ( Hywind, windfloat)
• How many wind turbine manufacturers are there in India? Ans) 18 
• • Who has set up a wind turbine test center in Chennai? Ans ) Vesats
• • Where Gamesa is isntalling G9X-2 MW turbines with China's Guangdong? Ans) Inner Mongolia
• • When InWEA was set up? Ans) 2002
• How much offshore turbine installation vessel cost? Ans) USD 100,000

Some Wind Energy News

• Maneja in Gujrat manufactures ABB wind turbines ( 100 turbines in a month).
• India's wind energy states are KN,GJ,AP,TN,RJ,MH and MP.
• TamilNadu is the state where Suzlon thrives. Over 1500 MW intsalled capacity. Latest orders were from Techno-Electric.
• There are some 14000 wind turbines in India. Some 2000 of these are of 1.5 MW range. Some 100 of these are 2.1 MW range. ( mainly S88 of Suzlon).
• AMSC has supplied 2 MW doubly fed induction wind turbines to Inox.
• Thanet (UK) is the largest offshore windfarm ( 300 MW). 115 m tall Vantenfall turbines in 35 square km area mark the site.

Some rapid fire on Wind Energy

• Globally, Wind Power stands at 20 GW today and is growing by 25 % p.a.
• Germany, Denmark, Spain have almost utilized their full potential.
• Days of 100 feet towers are gone. Now 250 feet towers are in. ( Cost of tower used to offset value of extra electricity till now)
• Though 2 blade turbines capture almost same energy as 3 blade rotors, they fail to withstand wind gust.
• Europe produces some 12 GW wind poer ( Germany 6 GW, Denmark and Spain 2 GW each), US produces  5 GW.
• Capital Expenditure per MW stands Rs 40 million and the generation cost is Rs 3 per Unit.
• For financing 15 MW ( in 300 acres) project @ Rs 700 million:- Interest free foreign currency loan ( Rs 400 Million), Rupee term loan from ICICI ( Rs 120 million) and promotors contribution would be Rs 180 million.
• AWT, a unit of Denmark's NEG Micon has manufacturing plant in Chennai.
• China does wonders. In just one year it doubled its capacity to about 30 GW.
• NAPCC target of getting 5 % + electricity from renewables and addition of 15% capacity in next 10 years seem difficult to achieve.
• Hongkong based CLP s investing huge in India.

Wind turbine design

Q) What are four Aerodynamic design issues?

Ans)

• Flow unsteady most of time.
• Combined effects of wind shear.
• Atmospheric turbulence and gusts.
• Yaw misalignment and tower shadow.

Q) Is two dimensional airfoil data suitable for predicting the aerodynamic performance on stall regulated turbines ?

Ans) NO. Above are pics of 2D wind tunnel data.

Q) How do we achieve aerodynamic ( for peak power o/p) control?

Ans)

Stalling of blades:- blades are not accelerated but moved at const. velocity.

Pitch adjustment:- to allow for best in-flow angles.

Wind Turbines Rapid Fire

Q)How much is efficiency of Wind Turbines?

Ans) 40 %

Q) How long it takes to plan and buid a 5 MW wind farm?

Ans) 9 Months

Q) Wind power varies as wind speed?

Ans) Cube of v

Q) Wind power is directly proportional to

Ans) Height of blade.

Q) What are three factors behing wind turbine design?

Ans)

• Efficient airfoil design ( can increase 30 % energy capture)
• Rotor Efficiency( Better hub attachments allow for flex. rotors)
• Design of control devices

Q) Are 2 blade rotors better?

Ans) Yes , but they should be flexible enough for wind gusts.

Q)What is big deal about WT generator?

Ans) Design of generator which can respond to changes in Wind is a challenge.

Q)What is rotor speed?

Ans) rotor @ 60 rpm, generator @ 1800 rpm.

Q) What are 4 functions of turbine control?

Ans)

• To slow/stop the rotor.
• To prevent wind gusts from suddenly producing high power.
• To prevent turbine from vibrating.
• To mitigate damage from turbulent winds.

All above are achived by computer/microprocessor control.

Q) How much is cost of Winf farm?

Ans) Rs 50 million per MW

Q) Do you have any idea about wind power density at 50 m in India?

Ans) TN/Kerala/Karnataka about 350 to 450 W/sq. m