Global Wind Power Capacity and Challenges

Inside the nacelle of Turbine

Why killing wind energy sector of India?

Windfarms don't produce niceties for politicians and bureaucracy like solar, the most promising renewable source is being systematically killed.
Glimpses:-

• Lowering of tariff from 5.82 to 4.78 by MP.
• Holding commissioning certificates in Maharashtra.
• Not signing advance PPAs. in MP
• Plugging out windfarms in TN.

Solar will have "achhe din" was anticipated, but Wind will have such "Bure Din" was not thought of.

Digital Wind Farm in India

With launch of GE's windfarm solution alongwith machine 2.3-116 in India, a new era has begun.



 

It promises immediate upscaling of 20 %

Latest in Wind Energy

1. Global Wind Capacity is now more than nuclear:- Yes, despite all govt support to nuclear and despite 'big science' tag  and all dubious secrecy to nuclear, wind has taken over. Global wind capacity= 430 GW, nuclear = 380 GW. :-)

2. German major Senvion is coming to India: country’s target to commission 60GW wind projects by 2022. Its impact on the domestic market will be limited initially as the existing Indian wind market favours those makers who operate as a vertically integrated business – selling land, permitting and O&M together with the turbine — which Senvion does not do in India at the moment,” 

3. 92 Gamesa Turbines to come up:- S class 2 MW turbines manufactured in India only will soon be installed in AP and Karnataka sites.

An ALTEM Video on installation

(C) with ALTEM

Save Water, Invest in Wind Energy

WATER CONSUMPTION--CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS
Technology gallons/kWh liters/kWh
    Nuclear 0.62 2.30
    Coal 0.49 1.90
    Oil 0.43 1.60
    Combined Cycle 0.25 0.95
Small amounts of water are used to clean wind turbine rotor blades in arid climates (where rainfall does not keep the blades clean). The purpose of blade cleaning is to eliminate dust and insect buildup, which otherwise deforms the shape of the airfoil and degrades performance.
Similarly, small amounts of water are used to clean photovoltaics (solar) panels. Water use numbers for these two technologies are as follows:
WATER CONSUMPTION--WIND AND SOLAR
Technology gallons/kWh liters/kWh
Wind [1] 0.001 0.004
Solar [2] 0.030 0.110
Wind therefore uses less than 1/600 as much water per unit of electricity produced as does nuclear, and approximately 1/500 as much as coal.
NOTES
[1] American Wind Energy Association estimate, based on data obtained in personal communication with Brian Roach, Fluidyne Corp., December 13, 1996. Assumes 250-kW turbine operating at .25 capacity factor, with blades washed four times annually.
[2] Meridian Corp., "Energy System Emissions and Materials Requirements," U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. 1989, p. 23.

Small wind turbine-Specifications

Some specifications

Some body may comment pl if they are still working

Subsidies available

Draft Mission Document for Wind Energy

GOI ( MNRE ) has prepared a draft of mission Wind Power !

Following are the plans:-

• Generate capacity of 100 Gw of wind power by 2022.( Presently  than 20 GW).
  This will be an investment of over Rs 10 lakh crore.
• The potential is estimated at 300 Gw. 
• Extend the ‘generation based incentive for project developers for five years.( Will cosr Rs 18,000 Crore)
• This  ‘wind energy mission’ will be a part of  the National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPPC).
•  Finance minister Arun Jaitley is likely to announce a slew measures in his budget including a 10-year tax holiday for wind power producers, concessions in customs duty and exemption in excise duty for procurement of technology and equipment for projects.
• Budget may also announce a ‘National Offshore Wind Energy Policy’ extending further fiscal sops in the form of exemption from service tax for services like conducting wind resource assessment, environment impact assessment (EIA), oceanographic study, utilisation of survey vessels and installation of vessels for these projects.
• The Budget 2013-14 gave a set of incentives for the wind sector. It reinstated generation-based incentive (GBI) that had resulted in the growth of the sector in the past. An incentive of 50 paise is provided for every unit of electricity generated under the GBI scheme.
• The government, also reinstated accelerated depreciation (AD) for wind sector last year. The AD scheme allowed investors to write down up to 80 per cent of the project cost as depreciation when calculating taxable profits.
• The withdrawal of AD and GBI schemes in 2012 had for wind energy projects led to fall in capacity addition with a mere addition of 1,800 MW new capacity in 2012-13 as against 3,000 MW in 2011-12.
•  About 7000 MW of offshore wind capacity has already been installed around the world and around the same capacity is under construction.

Gamesa going great in India

Event:- Gamesa India ( Spanish origin) tied up with Rotek ( Russia ) for wind turbine equipments.

Gamesa plant on Mamandur near Chennai has started manufacturing nacelle.

Tallest Wind Tubine of World in India?

Data

• Height :- 120 m
• Type:- Hybrid ( Lattice Tubular ! )
• Place:- Kuchh ( Nani Ber)
• Make:- Suzlon
• Project:- 2000 MW Kutch Wind park
• Controversy:- Lattice towers were used in 1990s. Now for 120 m + designs, concrete+tubular are in use. Many experts say its bad design.

Big shots of wind energy

Parameters of wind turbines which affect annual energy output (AEO)

Rated Output Power (ROP):-

rotor diameter changes the ROP.

RPM :- larger dia reduces rotor RPM. 

Capacity Factor ( CF):- higher capacity factor means higher AEO, but practically CF never goes beyond 40

Q) Does wind speed affect AEO?

Surprisingly the answer is NO !
This is because AEO is calculated upon average wind speed, which is already accounted for in CF.

Maximum Tip Speed that can be obtained is 70-80 m/s.

Cut in wind speed for most of the turbines is 5 m/s and cut out is 25 m/s 

O & M costs can be taken as 8 % of annual gross revenue.

CDM bubble is bursting?

                                               
                                          Where the techonology comes from ? mostly EU.
CDM was buzzword till 5 years back, but where are the projects now?

Whats up for Indian Wind Energy Sector?

The era of exponential growth is over in India.

Same we see in the table below, 

Well, the fact is after withdrawal of AD ( Accelerated Depriciation) and GBI( Generation Based Incentive), wind energy scene in India is dull.

• Even though revised estimated wind energy potential in India is 102 GWe ( @80m hub height), govt's emphasis on solar energy will not let this potential be utilised.
• There are 46 types of tubines manufactured in India. ( annual capacity is 12000 MWe)
• Induction Genearators, Optislip Induction Generators , Doubly Fed Induction Generators, and hybrid generators ( single stage gear box + synchronous generator) and squirrel cage Induction Generators ( with stall turbines for low wind conditions) have been used in India.
• Hardly any Class I sites are left for development.

  

Largest Offshore Turbine

Features:

• Carbon fire blades.
• 300 feet range blade dia.
• 10 MW machine.
• ETI has given contract to Blade Dynamics for setting up.

India having such a long coastline can expect 100000 such turbines, That becomes 1000 MW of wind power for India. !

PLF and CUF of Windfarms in India

Different benchmarks have been fixed for CUF ( Capacity Utilisation Factor) in different states. This is important as deviation will decide the tariffs.
CUF varies from minimum 19 ( Odisha) to maximum 30 ( Maharashtra and Uttarakhand).

State with high CUF may contribute less to generation because:

• both low rating and high rating turbines are installed in some states.
• wake losses increase as number of turbines increase.
• wind pattern changes in due course of time.

Largest Rotor of the World

Siemens Energy recently started testing its 154-meter rotor, the world’s largest for wind turbines. The new rotor will be used for its 6-megawatt wind turbine in Denmark.

The SWT-6.0-154 will have the world’s longest rotor blades, the Siemens news release noted. Each blade will have a length of 75 meters.

Barrier Analysis for Wind Energy Project

High Capital Cost ( IRR 13 %)

Less Utilisation Factor ( 15 %)

Power Purchase Tariff  Barrier ( Rs 3 per Unit)

Technological Barrier

Not prevailing practice barrier.

Wind Speed Barrier

Institutional Barrier